The concept of separation of powers is a democratic concept that has actually gained international popularity. More about this below.
For the most part, how government works will considerably depend on the nation and the political system it adheres to. While this holds true, a lot of nations have three branches of government which are the executive branch, the legislative, and the judicial. The executive branch is the simplest to understand as it is the branch of federal government that is responsible for the overall governance of a state. In nations with a political system that is based upon the separation of powers, the executive branch is responsible for enforcing and running the laws adopted by the legislative branch. The president is considered the head of the executive branch of government, who is usually backed by a vice president, cabinet members, and governmental departments. There are a couple of nations that adopt a semi-presidential system in which the president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, and the France government system is a great example on this.
Whether you're curious about the roles of government branches or you're somebody who wants to build a career in government, you have probably asked: What does the legislative branch do? Usually, the legislative is responsible for making laws, however, the way this branch works can differ significantly from one nation to another. For instance, in the United States federal government, the legislative branch is composed of the Congress and several governmental agencies. The Congress itself is composed of two parts. The House of Representatives and the Senate, whose members are chosen by voters in each state. In the UK government, the British parliament is the legislative branch and it is comprised of 2 parts: a chosen lower chamber called the House of Commons and an unelected upper chamber called the House of Lords. The two chambers are complementary as not only do they limit each other's power, but they also provide the best competence for legislation.
If you're not a specialist on legal matters or have a profession in law, you might ask: What does the judicial branch do? For the majority of countries, the judicial branch is in charge of interpreting the meaning of laws, how to apply them in real life situations, and whether a law contradicts the Constitution. In the Malta government, judges and magistrates are appointed to preside over the Superior and Lower courts in accordance with the country's Constitution. While judges and magistrates are the main components of the judicial branch, there are other officers that contribute to the smooth functioning of this branch. These include commissioners for justice, adjudicators, and arbitrators. Members of the judicial branch are appointed by the president based on the recommendations of a judicial committee established by the Constitution. Members of the judicial branch are unbiased and independent and they preside over courts solely based on the rule of law.